Notes
1. Irving Berlin quoted in Jody Rosen, White Christmas: The Story of an American Song (New York: Scribner, 2002), 69.
2. Mary Ellin Barrett quoted in Rosen, White Christmas, 35.
3. Irving Berlin quoted in Rosen, White Christmas, 23.
4. Irving Berlin quoted in Rosen, White Christmas, 103.
5. Bing Crosby quoted in Rosen, White Christmas, 108.
6. John Pintard quoted in Penne L. Restad, Christmas in America: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 26.
7. Dorothy Nelson quoted in Restad, Christmas in America, 157.
8. Billboard commentary quoted in James Kaplan, Irving Berlin: New York Genius (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019), 212.
9. Irving Berlin quoted in Rosen, White Christmas, 138.
10. Christian Science Monitor editorial quoted in Rosen, White Christmas, 138.
11. Buffalo Courier-Express editorial quoted in Rosen, White Christmas, 143.
12. Lincoln Barnett, “Bing, Inc.,” Life (June 18, 1945), 87.
13. Yank quoted in Gary Giddins, Bing Crosby: Swinging on a Star: The War Years, 1940-1946 (New York: Little, Brown, and Company, 2018), 546.
14. CONAD quoted in Yoni Appelbaum, “Yes, Virginia, There Is a NORAD,” The Atlantic (December 24, 2015), https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/12/yes-virginia-there-is-a-norad/421161.
15. Bill O’Reilly quoted in Daniel Denvir, “A Short History of the War on Christmas,” Politico (December 16, 2013), https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2013/12/war-on-christmas-short-history-101222.
16. Survey respondent quoted in Rosen, White Christmas, 162.
17. Philip Roth, Operation Shylock: A Confession (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 157.
18. Robert Wyatt and John Andrew Johnson, eds., The George Gershwin Reader (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 116.
19. Bing Crosby, Call Me Lucky: Bing Crosby’s Own Story, as told to Pete Martin (1953; Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2001), 142.
Selected Bibliography
Appelbaum, Yoni. “Yes, Virginia, There Is a NORAD.” The Atlantic (December 24, 2015). https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/12/yes-virginia-there-is-a-norad/421161.
Archer, Sarah. Midcentury Christmas: Holiday Fads, Fancies, and Fun from 1945 to 1970. New York: The Countryman Press, 2016.
Arnold, Jeremy. Christmas at the Movies: 30 Classics to Celebrate the Season. New York: Running Press, 2018.
Ayer, Tammy. “Christmas at Heart Mountain.” Yakima Herald (December 18, 2017). https://www.yakimaherald.com/news/local/christmas-at-heart-mountain-interned-japanese-americans-still-managed-to-celebrate-holiday/article_1afb8a2c-e483-11e7-a8d6-93b020cfbd5f.html.
Bergreen, Laurence. “Irving Berlin: This Is the Army.” Prologue Magazine 28, no. 2 (Summer 1996). https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1996/summer/irving-berlin-1.html.
Burger, Terry W. “Christmas Under the Gun.” America in WWII (December 2005). http://www.americainwwii.com/articles/christmas-under-the-gun.
Crosby, Bing. Call Me Lucky: Bing Crosby’s Own Story, as told to Pete Martin. 1953. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2001.
Decker, Todd. “On the Scenic Route to Irving Berlin’s Holiday Inn (1942).” The Journal of Musicology 28, no. 4 (Fall 2011): 464-97.
Denvir, Daniel. “A Short History of the War on Christmas.” Politico (December 16, 2013). https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2013/12/war-on-christmas-short-history-101222.
Fassler, Ron. “Yip Yip Yaphank.” Medium (August 19, 2019). https://ronfassler.medium.com/yip-yip-yaphank-14b5fa3c614b.
Flesher, Paul. “Banned Christmas.” Religion Today (December 7, 2010). http://religion-today.blogspot.com/2010/12/banned-christmas.html.
Forbes, Bruce David. Christmas: A Candid History. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2007.
Giddins, Gary. Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Stars: The Early Years, 1903-1940. New York: Little, Brown, and Company, 2001.
———–. Bing Crosby: Swinging on a Star: The War Years, 1940-1946. New York: Little, Brown, and Company, 2018.
Grant, Barry Keith. The Hollywood Film Musical. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
Harris, Aisha. “Santa Claus Should Not Be a White Man Anymore.” Slate (December 10, 2013). https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/12/santa-claus-an-old-white-man-not-anymore-meet-santa-the-penguin-a-new-christmas-symbol.html.
Harvey, Eric. “Why the Christmas-Song Canon Has a Baby-Boomer Bias.” The Atlantic (December 21, 2011). https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/12/why-the-christmas-song-canon-has-a-baby-boomer-bias/250344.
Ingraham, Christopher. “Why our Christmas music is still stuck in the ’50s.” The Washington Post (December 23, 2014). http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/12/23/why-our-christmas-music-is-still-stuck-in-the-50s.
Jenkins, Jennifer R. “‘Say It with Firecrackers’: Defining the ‘War Musical’ of the 1940s.” American Music 19, no. 3 (2001): 315-39.
Kanfer, Stefan. “The Americanization of Irving Berlin.” City Journal (Spring 2002). https://www.city-journal.org/html/americanization-irving-berlin-12247.html.
Kaplan, James. Irving Berlin: New York Genius. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019.
Kashner, Sam. “How A Christmas Story Went from Low-Budget Fluke to an American Tradition.” Vanity Fair (November 30, 2016). https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/how-a-christmas-story-became-an-american-tradition.
Klein, Christopher. “When Santa Claus Was Deployed in Wartime.” History Stories (December 4, 2019). https://www.history.com/news/santa-goes-to-war.
Macklem, Mary. “War, Vinyl and Print: Music for the Troops during World War II.” National Endowment for the Humanities Blog (August 10, 2015). https://www.neh.gov/divisions/research/featured-project/war-vinyl-and-print-music-the-troops-during-world-war-ii.
McKibben, Bill. Hundred Dollar Holiday: The Case for a More Joyful Christmas. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
Nissenbaum, Stephen. The Battle for Christmas: A Cultural History of America’s Most Cherished Holiday. New York: Random House, 1996.
O’Loughlin, Michael J. “Is there actually a War on Christmas? Most Americans seem not to care.” America: The Jesuit Review (December 12, 2017). https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2017/12/12/there-actually-war-christmas-most-americans-seem-not-care.
Plaut, Joshua Eli. A Kosher Christmas: ‘Tis the Season to Be Jewish. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2012.
Pruitt, Sarah. “The War of Words Behind ‘Happy Holidays.’” History Stories (December 14, 2017). https://www.history.com/news/the-war-of-words-behind-happy-holidays.
Restad, Penne L. Christmas in America: A History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Reublin, Rick. “America’s Music Publishing Industry: The Story of Tin Pan Alley.” The Parlor Songs Academy (March 2009). http://parlorsongs.com/insearch/tinpanalley/tinpanalley.php.
Rodriguez, Gregory. “Homesick For the Holidays.” Los Angeles Times (December 19, 2011). http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/19/opinion/la-oe-rodriguez-xmas-20111219.
Rosen, Jody. White Christmas: The Story of an American Song. New York: Scribner, 2002.
Sims, Thomas J. “Let’s Unplug the Christmas Machine.” Psychology Today (December 7, 2018). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/under-extreme-circumstances/201812/lets-unplug-the-christmas-machine.
Sklaroff, Lauren Rebecca. “Variety for the Servicemen: The Jubilee Show and the Paradox of Racializing Radio during World War II.” American Quarterly 56, no. 4 (2004): 945–73.
Stimson, William. “A Bing Crosby Christmas” (2003), reprinted in Inlander Histories: Timeless Tales of Spokane and the Inland Northwest, 156-60. Spokane, WA: Inlander Books, 2014.
Thomas, Andy. Christmas: A Short History From Solstice to Santa. Brighton, U.K.: Ivy Press, 2019.
Trachtenberg, Robert, dir. American Masters: Bing Crosby Rediscovered. New York: WNET, 2014. DVD.
Waggoner, Susan. It’s A Wonderful Christmas: The Best of the Holidays, 1940-1965. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 2004.
Zimmer, Jim, dir. Bing: Going My Way. Spokane, WA: KSPS, 2003. DVD.
A Christmas Classic 